Browse research papers in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism - Medicine Discover 18 academic papers with AI-powered analysis

Non-caloric sweetener effects on brain appetite regulation in individuals across varying body weights

This randomized crossover trial investigated the acute effects of sucralose, sucrose, and water on brain appetite regulation, peripheral hormones, and hunger in adults across different body weights. It found that while sucrose significantly increased peripheral glucose, insulin, and GLP-1, and reduced hunger compared to water, sucralose did not elicit similar effects. Moreover, sucralose, when compared to sucrose, resulted in higher hunger ratings and distinct hypothalamic brain responses, with effects varying significantly based on an individual's weight status.

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paper_2018.pdf

Sep 28, 02:39 PM

Acute sleep loss results in tissue-specific alterations in genome-wide DNA methylation state and metabolic fuel utilization in humans

This study in 15 young men found that a single night of sleep deprivation led to tissue-specific changes in DNA methylation and gene expression related to metabolism. Specifically, it appeared that sleep loss promoted fat storage in adipose tissue while potentially increasing muscle breakdown in skeletal muscle. The researchers also found corresponding changes in blood metabolites, suggesting systemic effects of sleep loss on metabolism.

Apple cider vinegar for weight management in Lebanese adolescents and young adults with overweight and obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study suggests that daily apple cider vinegar (ACV) consumption may lead to weight loss and improve metabolic parameters in overweight and obese Lebanese young adults. Participants consuming 5, 10, or 15 mL of ACV daily for 12 weeks showed reductions in weight, BMI, waist/hip circumferences, body fat ratio, blood glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol compared to a placebo group. The effect appears more pronounced with 15mL ACV intake.

Total and specific potato intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three US cohort studies and a substitution meta-analysis of prospective cohorts

In a large study of US health professionals, increased French fry consumption was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, but other potato types showed no association. Replacing potatoes with whole grains, especially in place of French fries, was linked to a lower diabetes risk, suggesting that substitution is a healthier strategy.

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bmj-2024-082121.full.pdf

Aug 30, 02:53 PM

Total and specific potato intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three US cohort studies and a substitution meta-analysis of prospective cohorts

In three large US cohorts, higher consumption of French fries was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, while other types of potatoes showed no significant association. Replacing potatoes with whole grains, particularly French fries, was linked to a lower risk of diabetes, suggesting dietary substitutions can play a role in mitigating this risk.

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bmj-2024-082121.full.pdf

Aug 30, 02:52 PM

Primary Aldosteronism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline

This clinical practice guideline recommends screening all adults with hypertension for primary aldosteronism (PA) using aldosterone and renin measurements. The guideline also provides detailed recommendations for confirmatory testing, medical and surgical treatment, and ongoing monitoring, emphasizing a personalized approach based on disease severity and patient characteristics. While based on the best available evidence, the guideline acknowledges limitations due to the limited number of randomized controlled trials in many areas of PA management.

Daytime eating prevents internal circadian misalignment and glucose intolerance in night work

This lab study with a small sample size showed that eating at night messes up the body's natural 24-hour clock and raises blood sugar levels in people on a simulated night work schedule. However, eating during the day can prevent this effect, even if sleep is still shifted to the night. This suggests an approach to mitigating negative metabolic effects in real night shift workers.

Effects of exercise, metformin and their combination on glucose metabolism in individuals with abnormal glycaemic control: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

This network meta-analysis found that metformin was more effective than exercise for glucose control in type 2 diabetes, while exercise appeared more effective in prediabetes. Combined exercise and metformin may be more effective than either alone, particularly in type 2 diabetes, but more research is needed. The findings are limited by substantial heterogeneity across studies, variations in control conditions, and a limited number of studies examining combination therapy.

Endocrine Cephalic Phase Responses to Food Cues: A Systematic Review

This systematic review examined the brain's hormonal responses to food cues before eating. While almost half of the studies found that the brain prepares for food by releasing insulin and pancreatic polypeptide, these responses were small and inconsistent. The review also found little evidence that these responses have a meaningful impact on feelings of fullness or blood sugar control.

Stressomic: A wearable microfluidic biosensor for dynamic profiling of multiple stress hormones in sweat

Researchers developed a wearable sensor called "Stressomic" that continuously monitors stress hormones (cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine) in sweat, demonstrating distinct hormonal responses to physical and emotional stress. The supplement study indicated a correlation, not necessarily causation, between supplement intake and reduced stress hormone levels. The device's performance shows some batch-to-batch variability, and larger studies are needed.

Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline

This clinical practice guideline suggests vitamin D supplementation for children, older adults (75+), pregnant individuals, and those with high-risk prediabetes. It recommends against routine vitamin D testing for most healthy adults and suggests following the Institute of Medicine's recommended daily allowance.

Individual variations in glycemic responses to carbohydrates and underlying metabolic physiology

This study found that individuals have unique glycemic responses (PPGRs) to different carbohydrate meals, even when the carb amount is the same. These personalized responses are linked to underlying metabolic differences, such as insulin resistance. People respond differently to foods aimed at reducing blood sugar spikes (mitigators), particularly depending on their insulin sensitivity.

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s41591-025-03719-2.pdf

Jul 31, 06:28 PM

Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline

This clinical practice guideline, based on a systematic review of randomized trials, suggests empiric vitamin D supplementation for children and adolescents (1-18 years) to prevent nutritional rickets and potentially reduce respiratory tract infections, adults over 75 years to reduce mortality risk, pregnant individuals to lower risks of complications such as pre-eclampsia, and those with high-risk prediabetes to reduce progression to diabetes. The guideline generally suggests *against* routine vitamin D supplementation beyond the recommended dietary allowance for other adult populations and *against* routine 25(OH)D screening for all populations considered, due to insufficient evidence of benefit.

Diagnosis and management of hyperprolactinemia

Hyperprolactinemia, an excess of prolactin hormone, can have various causes including medication use, hypothyroidism, and pituitary disorders. Diagnosis involves excluding secondary causes and imaging the pituitary gland; treatment aims to restore hormone balance and fertility, with dopamine agonists as the first-line medical therapy and surgery reserved for specific cases.

Fasting-mimicking diet causes hepatic and blood markers changes indicating reduced biological age and disease risk

This study found that three cycles of a fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) were associated with a decrease in median biological age of 2.5 years, independent of weight loss, in a group of generally healthy adults. The FMD also reduced hepatic fat, improved insulin resistance, and shifted the immune profile toward a younger phenotype, although some of these findings were based on small subsets of participants.

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s41467-024-45260-9.pdf

Jul 08, 12:09 PM

Hypercaloric 16:8 time-restricted eating during 8 weeks of resistance exercise in well-trained men and women

Both time-restricted eating (TRE) and regular eating patterns led to similar gains in fat-free mass and strength in resistance-trained individuals on a hypercaloric diet. However, TRE resulted in lower total exercise volume, smaller gains in squat strength, and greater fat mass accumulation compared to the control group.

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Hypercaloric 16 8 time-restricted eating during 8 weeks of resistance exercise in well-trained men and women.pdf

Jul 08, 11:46 AM

Myths and Facts Regarding Low-Carbohydrate Diets

This opinion piece argues that low-carbohydrate diets are safe and effective for managing various metabolic diseases, refuting common concerns about side effects and long-term health risks. The authors emphasize the importance of personalized nutrition and highlight the need for up-to-date information when considering this dietary approach.

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nutrients-17-01047.pdf

Jul 08, 11:45 AM

Elevated LDL Cholesterol with a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet: Evidence for a “Lean Mass Hyper-Responder” Phenotype

This study found that individuals with lower BMI and better metabolic health (low TG/HDL cholesterol ratio) experienced larger increases in LDL cholesterol on a carbohydrate-restricted diet. A subset of individuals, termed "lean mass hyper-responders," exhibited markedly elevated LDL cholesterol despite having normal pre-diet levels and otherwise favorable metabolic markers.

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PIIS2475299122000075.pdf

Jul 08, 11:38 AM

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Paperzilla Papers in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Non-caloric sweetener effects on brain appetite regulation in individuals across varying body weights

Acute sleep loss results in tissue-specific alterations in genome-wide DNA methylation state and metabolic fuel utilization in humans

Apple cider vinegar for weight management in Lebanese adolescents and young adults with overweight and obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Total and specific potato intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three US cohort studies and a substitution meta-analysis of prospective cohorts

Total and specific potato intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three US cohort studies and a substitution meta-analysis of prospective cohorts

Primary Aldosteronism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline

Daytime eating prevents internal circadian misalignment and glucose intolerance in night work

Effects of exercise, metformin and their combination on glucose metabolism in individuals with abnormal glycaemic control: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Endocrine Cephalic Phase Responses to Food Cues: A Systematic Review

Stressomic: A wearable microfluidic biosensor for dynamic profiling of multiple stress hormones in sweat

Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline

Individual variations in glycemic responses to carbohydrates and underlying metabolic physiology

Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline

Diagnosis and management of hyperprolactinemia

Fasting-mimicking diet causes hepatic and blood markers changes indicating reduced biological age and disease risk

Hypercaloric 16:8 time-restricted eating during 8 weeks of resistance exercise in well-trained men and women

Myths and Facts Regarding Low-Carbohydrate Diets

Elevated LDL Cholesterol with a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet: Evidence for a “Lean Mass Hyper-Responder” Phenotype