The biological study of aging processes at molecular, cellular, and organismal levels, including mechanisms of senescence, age-related diseases, longevity, regenerative medicine, and interventions to promote healthy aging
7 papersThis study on fruit flies found that genetic background and random variation ("stochasticity") were the main factors determining lifespan, overshadowing the effects of dietary restriction, which had a minor impact overall. Dietary restriction did not universally prolong lifespan, and its effects were not consistent across different cohorts.
This longitudinal multi-omics study of 108 people found that aging-related molecular changes happen in nonlinear waves, with big shifts around ages 44 and 60. These shifts affect various systems, like immunity and metabolism, and correlate with increased risks of diseases like CVD and T2D.
This study used a small sample of aged bone marrow samples in a simulated space environment to examine stem cell aging. It found evidence suggesting accelerated stem cell aging in space, including changes in cell cycle, gene expression, and mutations. However, the limitations of the study, including short duration, small sample size, in vitro nature, and the use of simulated microgravity/radiation, prevent definite conclusions about stem cell aging in actual spaceflight.
In a 40-year study of over 8,000 American men of Japanese ancestry, shorter stature was associated with increased lifespan. This may be related to height's association with fasting insulin levels and FOXO3 genotype, a gene linked to longevity and insulin signaling. However, it remains difficult to rule out other confounders like childhood nutrition, which may impact both height and lifespan.
This study introduces CeMbio, a defined community of 12 bacterial strains representing the core microbiome of C. elegans. All strains effectively colonize the worm gut, both individually and as a community, with varying colonization dynamics depending on the strain, environment, and time. Furthermore, the CeMbio community impacts C. elegans developmental rates, showcasing its potential to influence host physiology.
This study found that lysosomes in the worm C. elegans lose their efficiency with age, impacting their ability to break down cellular waste. However, in long-lived mutant worms, lysosome activity is better maintained, and boosting lysosome function is essential for the long lifespan of these mutants.
Adults with "older" biological ages based on blood chemistry were more likely to have depression and anxiety at baseline and over an 8.7-year follow-up. These relationships remained after considering genetic risk for these conditions.