Global fish demand (live-weight) has grown from 93.6 to 152 million tonnes between 1998 and 2018 and is projected to nearly double again by 2050. Aquaculture has allowed greater access to fish for low-income consumers, and diverse preferences and culinary traditions drive demand for blue foods around the world. Nutritional and environmental consequences of rising demand will depend on substitution among fish groups and other animal source foods in national diets.

R.L.N. is a member of the Forest Protection Advisory Panel at Cargill, and the Center on Food Security and the Environment has received funding from the Cargill Foundation for visiting scholars and staff support, but not for research. D.C.L. has received in kind and financial support from a wide range of commercial and non-commercial entities, serves as a committee member for standards organizations and is a director of a commercial tilapia hatchery in Thailand. B.C. has contributed, without direct funding, to the development of sustainability strategies of dominant companies in the seafood industry through SeaBOS. R.L.N., C.D.G., and J.A.G. are members of the scientific advisory board for Oceana.

This study provides interesting insight into the projected consumption of fish to 2050 using estimates for population and income growth as well as income elasticity for different species. However, several key elements are missing from the model which are known to be important in shaping the demand. I have lowered the rating due to these limitations and existing COI.