Viral effectors trigger innate immunity across the tree of life

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Conflicts of Interest

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Paper Summary

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Viruses Trigger Similar Immune Tricks in All Living Things

This review explores how viruses manipulate host cell pathways in similar ways across all domains of life (bacteria, plants, animals), triggering what's called "effector-triggered immunity." It highlights how viral infection disrupts key processes like transcription, protein function, and stress responses, and how these disruptions act as warning signals for the immune system.

Possible Conflicts of Interest

None identified

Identified Weaknesses

Review Article

Review articles summarize existing research rather than presenting new experimental data. Therefore, they do not have the typical limitations of a primary research study but might present a biased overview of the field.

Focus on similarities

The focus is to present similarities of host-pathogen interactions across all domains of life. In doing so, differences between these mechanisms might be overlooked, which are at least as insightful as the commonalities.

Speculative interpretations

Some of the presented mechanisms in bacteria are hypothetical and need further research to be validated. The review relies on parallels between established mechanisms in humans and assumed parallels in bacteria.

Rating Explanation

This review article provides a comprehensive and clear overview of a complex topic, highlighting intriguing parallels in how diverse organisms defend against viruses. While it relies on some speculation and does not present new experimental data, its synthesis of existing knowledge and conceptual framework are valuable contributions to the field.

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