The sample size is small and limited to IT developers in only two cities in Indonesia, which restricts the generalizability of the findings to other populations and industries. A larger and more diverse sample is necessary to increase external validity.
The study relies on self-reported data through surveys, which can be susceptible to social desirability bias and other response biases. This can affect the accuracy and reliability of the measurements.
The study uses convenience sampling, which may not be representative of the entire population of IT developers in Indonesia. This can limit the generalizability of the findings.
Lack of Transparency in Data Modification
The paper mentions modifying indicators but does not clearly explain the reasons and procedures for doing so. This lack of transparency raises concerns about the data analysis process.
Narrow Focus on Performance
The study primarily focuses on a narrow aspect of employee performance, which may not capture the full complexity of the construct. Other important factors, such as individual skills, knowledge, and teamwork, are not fully considered.
The study's cross-sectional design limits its ability to establish causal relationships between the variables. A longitudinal study would be more suitable to examine the causal relationships over time.