This case-cohort study found that light-to-moderate wine consumption, as measured by urinary tartaric acid levels, was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease events in older Mediterranean adults at high risk. The strongest association was found for moderate wine consumption (estimated as up to 1 drink/day), specifically with a lower risk of myocardial infarction.

Some authors disclosed receiving grants, personal fees, and non-financial support from various organizations, including the California Walnut Commission, Alexion, Amarin, Cerveceros de España, UNIDECO, Adventia, Wine in Moderation, Ecoveritas S.A., Fundación Dieta Mediterránea, Cerveza y Salud, Pernaud-Ricard, Instituto Cervantes, Lilly Laboratories, and the Wine and Culinary International Forum. This level of industry involvement warrants careful consideration but may not invalidate the study's findings. Further investigation is needed.

This study used an objective biomarker to assess wine consumption, strengthening the evidence for the potential cardioprotective effects of light-to-moderate wine intake. However, the limitations regarding generalizability, potential confounding, and observational design prevent a definitive conclusion about causality. The disclosed conflicts of interest also warrant some caution in interpreting the findings.