Convergent evolution of quadrupedality in ornithischian dinosaurs was achieved through disparate forelimb muscle mechanics
Overview
Paper Summary
This study uses 3D modeling to show how different types of ornithischian dinosaurs evolved unique forelimb muscle structures for quadrupedal walking, even though they all ended up walking on four legs. This challenges the idea that they all evolved the same way and suggests their ancestors' different lifestyles might have played a role.
Explain Like I'm Five
Plant-eating dinosaurs evolved to walk on four legs multiple times, but they did it in different ways, like developing different muscle setups in their arms. This suggests their ancestors' lifestyles might have influenced how they evolved.
Possible Conflicts of Interest
None identified
Identified Limitations
Rating Explanation
Strong methodology using advanced biomechanical modeling and a broad sample of dinosaur species. However, limitations regarding soft tissue reconstruction, static analysis, and functional interpretation prevent a top rating.
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