This review summarizes the therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in various surgical fields, highlighting their advantages over traditional stem cell therapy and their mechanism of action through tissue-specific responses and cellular signaling pathways. It also discusses the production, modification, characterization, and storage of exosomes, emphasizing their potential as a safe and versatile alternative for managing surgical conditions.

The authors declare no competing interests.

This comprehensive review article consolidates recent advancements in stem cell-derived exosome therapies across various surgical specialties. While it lacks original research, the breadth of its coverage and clear articulation of mechanisms and potential clinical applications make it a valuable resource. The absence of novel experimental data and a more detailed analysis of clinical trial results prevent it from achieving a higher rating.