← Back to papers

Effects of ancestry, agriculture, and lactase persistence on the stature of prehistoric Europeans

★ ★ ★ ★ ☆

Paper Summary

Paperzilla title
Got Milk? Prehistoric Europeans with Lactase Persistence Were Taller!

This study found that Neolithic populations were only slightly shorter than pre-agricultural populations and that this difference was at least partially due to genetics. Surprisingly, the lactase persistence allele was strongly associated with increased height in ancient individuals, even though it is not associated with height today.

Explain Like I'm Five

Scientists found that ancient farmers were only a tiny bit shorter than people who hunted and gathered, partly because of their genes. Surprisingly, a special gene that helps people drink milk made these old people taller, even though it doesn't make anyone taller today!

Possible Conflicts of Interest

None identified

Identified Limitations

Limited transferability of polygenic scores
The study acknowledges the limited transferability of polygenic scores across ancestry groups and time periods, potentially impacting the accuracy of stature predictions.
Simplified categorization of time periods
The classification of individuals into pre-agricultural, Neolithic, and post-Neolithic periods based on archaeological assessments may not perfectly capture the complexity of subsistence strategies and transitions.
Limited scope of phenotypic analysis
The study focuses solely on femur length as a proxy for stature, neglecting other potential skeletal indicators of health and nutrition.

Rating Explanation

This study provides a valuable contribution to understanding the evolutionary history of human height by integrating genomic and phenotypic data from a large sample of ancient individuals. The findings challenge established hypotheses about the Neolithic stature decline and reveal a surprising association between lactase persistence and height in ancient populations. While there are some limitations regarding the simplified categorization of time periods and reliance on femur length as the sole stature indicator, the study's robust methodology and novel findings warrant a strong rating. The lack of any identified conflicts of interest further supports this evaluation.

Good to know

This is the Starter analysis. Paperzilla Pro fact-checks every citation, researches author backgrounds and funding sources, and uses advanced AI reasoning for more thorough insights.

Explore Pro →

File Information

Original Title: Effects of ancestry, agriculture, and lactase persistence on the stature of prehistoric Europeans
Uploaded: July 18, 2025 at 10:23 AM
Privacy: Public