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The interoceptive origin of reinforcement learning

★ ★ ★ ★ ☆

Paper Summary

Paperzilla title
Your Brain Likes Sugar Because It Gives You Energy, Not Just Because It Tastes Good (Mostly Mouse Studies)

This review synthesizes research on reinforcement learning, focusing on how primary reward signals for food and water originate from post-oral feedback rather than immediate sensory experiences. The authors highlight distinct pathways for sugar, fat, and water, emphasizing the role of internal states and goals in shaping these signals. While primarily based on animal research, the findings suggest a revised reinforcement learning framework that incorporates the body's internal state evaluation.

Explain Like I'm Five

Our brains decide if something is "rewarding" based on how it affects our bodies, not just how it tastes. Things like sugar give us energy, which our brains like, and this is why we enjoy sugary foods.

Possible Conflicts of Interest

None identified.

Identified Limitations

Generalizability to humans
While the research presents compelling findings in animal models, direct translation to humans requires further investigation. Human digestive and reward systems, while sharing similarities, also have key differences that could influence the interpretation of these results.
Limited discussion of CCK
While hormones are highlighted, the study predominantly focuses on post-oral neuronal signals as the primary driver of reinforcement, with the exception of CCK. This leaves the question of the exact role of CCK open.
Limited human data
Although some human fMRI data support the general concept, the study focuses primarily on findings from animal models. More research is needed to confirm these specific reward mechanisms in humans.

Rating Explanation

This review presents a compelling argument for revising our understanding of reward processing. The research is strong, incorporates multiple lines of evidence, and proposes a revised reinforcement learning framework to accommodate these findings. The reliance on animal models, while necessary for some of the experiments described, slightly limits the immediate translatability to humans, hence the rating of 4 instead of 5.

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Topic Hierarchy

Domain: Life Sciences
Field: Neuroscience

File Information

Original Title: The interoceptive origin of reinforcement learning
Uploaded: September 03, 2025 at 05:08 PM
Privacy: Public