Surveillance on California dairy farms reveals multiple sources of H5N1 transmission
This study investigated H5N1 transmission on dairy farms and found the virus present in air samples from milking parlors, exhaled breath, and farm wastewater. The study also examined H5N1 positivity in individual cow udders, finding a heterogeneous distribution of infection and noting that H5N1 infection doesn't always correlate with clinical mastitis. While the longitudinal study focused on one farm with a limited number of cows over a short period, the findings suggest multiple modes of H5N1 transmission on dairy farms.