Combination therapy: an upcoming paradigm to improve kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in chronic kidney disease

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Paper Summary

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Combo Treatments Show Promise for Chronic Kidney Disease, Especially with Diabetes

This review summarizes the evidence supporting the use of multiple medications (combination therapy) to treat chronic kidney disease, particularly in people with diabetes. Recent advances have introduced several drug classes with complementary mechanisms for protecting the kidneys and cardiovascular system. These medications include SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and the non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone.

Possible Conflicts of Interest

The supplement containing this review was financially supported by Bayer AG, a pharmaceutical company that manufactures some of the medications discussed. Several authors also reported receiving research grants, consulting fees, and other support from various pharmaceutical companies.

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Narrative Review

Narrative reviews summarize existing literature but may not involve systematic search and selection of studies. This can introduce bias depending on the authors' perspectives and the specific articles they choose to include. It can also lead to an incomplete picture of the research landscape.

Rating Explanation

This review provides a thorough overview of the rationale and evidence for using combination therapy in chronic kidney disease. The authors discuss the relevant pathophysiology, summarize key clinical trials, and address practical implications. Although the narrative review format carries an inherent risk of bias, the authors transparently disclose potential conflicts of interest related to industry funding and support.

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