Lack of Empirical Testing
The model presented is purely theoretical and hasn't been tested with real-world data. It's unclear how well the model's predictions would hold up in practice.
Simplified Model of Protest Demands
The model reduces protest demands to a single dimension (economic vs. political). In reality, protests are often complex and involve multiple intersecting demands, which the model doesn't fully capture.
The model assumes all actors (protesters and dictator) are perfectly rational and have complete information. In reality, emotions, misperceptions, and incomplete information can significantly influence decision-making in protest situations.
The model focuses specifically on authoritarian regimes and excludes democratic contexts. The dynamics of protest and government response are likely to be different in democratic settings.
The model assumes perfect and complete information, which is unrealistic in most real-world protest scenarios. Uncertainty about the government's resolve or the protesters' capabilities can significantly alter the strategic dynamics.