The study found that being overweight or obese before pregnancy and gaining excessive weight during pregnancy are linked to increased risks of gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, having a large baby, and delivering a baby that is large for gestational age. Conversely, insufficient weight gain was associated with gestational diabetes and low birth weight.

The study received funding from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences, but it is stated that the funder had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or manuscript writing.

This is an average study with a relevant research question and a large sample size. However, several methodological limitations, such as potential bias in pre-pregnancy BMI measurement and lack of control for confounding factors, prevent it from receiving a higher rating.