The study relies on self-reported data from a questionnaire, which can be subject to recall bias and social desirability bias. Participants may not accurately remember their MSK pain experiences or may underreport their symptoms due to social stigma or fear of negative consequences.
The cross-sectional design limits the ability to establish causal relationships between risk factors and MSK pain. It is difficult to determine whether the identified predictors actually cause MSK pain or are simply associated with it.
The study was conducted at a single dental school in Saudi Arabia, which limits the generalizability of the findings to other populations. The prevalence and predictors of MSK pain may vary across different cultural contexts and educational systems.
Although the study collected data on several potential risk factors, there may be other unmeasured confounders that contribute to the development of MSK pain. For instance, factors such as individual stress levels, pre-existing medical conditions or workstation setup could influence the outcome.
Inconsistent findings regarding height
The study found that increased height was initially associated with MSK pain, but this association lost statistical significance in the multivariate model. This might be due to the large number of missing values in the multivariate analysis or indicate other uncontrolled factors influencing this relationship.