This study created a single-cell spatial transcriptomic atlas and a whole-brain connectivity map of the macaque claustrum. It revealed four distinct zones within the claustrum, each containing unique compositions of glutamatergic cell types that project to specific cortical and subcortical regions. Notably, some of these glutamatergic cell types, found only in macaques, show preferential connections related to memory and motor function.

Some of the authors are employed by or affiliated with Tencent, a technology company with interests in AI and healthcare, which could create a potential conflict of interest related to the research in the paper about brain connectivity and function. Additionally, the authors declare a financial interest in Stereo-seq, covered by pending patents, although it does not detract from the value of the technology or findings.

This study provides valuable insights into the cellular organization and connectivity of the macaque claustrum, combining single-nucleus RNA sequencing and Stereo-seq with whole-brain connectivity mapping. The identification of distinct projection-selective zones and their associated cell types advances our understanding of claustrum function. While the study relies on correlation and does not definitively establish cell-type-specific connectivity, the comprehensive data and cross-species comparisons offer a robust foundation for future research. The declared financial interest in Stereo-seq is a notable but likely acceptable COI.