Air pollution worsens allergic rhinitis symptoms through complex interactions involving oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. Managing AR aggravated by air pollution requires a multi-pronged approach, including standard AR treatment, reducing exposure to pollutants, and potentially using antioxidants, though more research is needed on specific therapies for this combined condition.

Some authors have disclosed relationships with pharmaceutical companies involved in allergy treatment, including Lyra, Sanofi, Actos, Optinose, Chiesi, Cipla, Hikma, Menarini, Mundipharma, Mylan, Novartis, Takeda, Teva, Uriach, Kyomed, BI, ALK, Stallergens, GSK, Hal, AZ, MSD, Danone, Novartis, Chiesi, AstraZeneca, Aché, FDA Allergenic, Boehringer Ingelheim, MEDA, Allergy Therapeutics, Chattem, US EPA, and CDC.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of air pollution on allergic rhinitis, summarizing current knowledge and identifying key mechanisms like oxidative stress. While limited by the nature of a review and potential conflicts of interest, it highlights important areas for future research and offers practical recommendations for patients and clinicians.