Subclinical endometritis (SCE) cows had a similar uterine microbiome to healthy cows, but clinical endometritis (CE) cows showed distinct dysbiosis, characterized by increased Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria, and Trueperella. This difference persisted across multiple time points postpartum (10, 21, and 35 days in milk), suggesting early establishment and persistence of dysbiosis in CE.

None identified.

This study provides valuable insights into the uterine microbiome dynamics in postpartum dairy cows, utilizing both culture-dependent and -independent methods. The findings contribute to our understanding of the relationship between uterine health and microbial communities, particularly by highlighting the similarity between healthy and subclinical endometritis cows and the distinct dysbiosis in clinical endometritis. The study's methodology is generally sound but the limited sample size, especially for the clinical endometritis group, and the acknowledged limitations in the bacterial culture methods prevent a higher rating. There is no evidence of anti-cheating or attempts to influence the evaluation. No conflicts of interest have been identified.