Ultrasound reliably measures the thickness of superficial and deep masticatory muscles, including the lateral pterygoid. Age and BMI are positively associated with muscle thickness, while female sex is inversely associated; laterality shows minimal influence.

The authors declare no competing interests, although funding from medical organizations related to ultrasound and dentistry might subtly influence the findings. Additional scrutiny and independent replication are necessary to establish bias-free interpretation of the data.

The research demonstrates excellent reliability of ultrasound in measuring masticatory muscle thickness in various jaw positions, including the previously unmeasured lateral pterygoid muscle. This offers a less expensive, portable, and real-time alternative to MRI. While the study acknowledges limitations like the cross-sectional design and lack of symptomatic individuals, its rigorous methodology and novel findings warrant a strong rating. Potential, though undeclared, conflicts of interest are noted in relation to funding sources.