The study primarily relies on qualitative data from focus group interviews with managers, lacking quantitative data to support the findings and limit generalizability. The reliance on a single data collection method introduces potential bias and limits the scope of the study.

The study's focus is confined to Russia and Indonesia's coal industries, thus the generalizability to other coal-producing nations or other industries is restricted, which may not accurately represent global trends or challenges.

Although the study identifies factors and indicators for competitiveness, it does not provide a specific methodology or framework for their practical application. The lack of a concrete methodology restricts the ability to test and validate the study's findings and apply the insights to diverse business contexts.

The study acknowledges resource and time constraints, without suggesting a specific plan to validate their findings. The acknowledged limitations raise concerns about the study's reliability and depth. The lack of validation restricts the study's practical implications and restricts the utility of the findings. Thus, the study requires more extensive and valid research. Further exploration could enhance the study's rigor and provide more robust insights into competitiveness management.