This paper surveys the security and privacy landscape of the metaverse, discussing the convergence of technologies, potential threats (e.g., identity theft, data breaches, and physical safety risks), and countermeasures in various application domains (gaming, social experience, online collaboration, and creator economy). It highlights the unique challenges posed by metaverse characteristics like immersiveness, spatiotemporality, and decentralization, emphasizing the need for innovative security solutions in this rapidly evolving space.

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This is a comprehensive and timely survey paper that offers a valuable overview of the metaverse and its security and privacy implications, highlighting various attack surfaces and existing countermeasures, which can help provide insights for future secure metaverse research. However, it lacks in-depth analysis and evaluation of specific defense strategies and is inevitably limited by the rapid development of this field.