The scope for improving the efficiency and environmental impact of internal combustion engines
Internal combustion engines (ICEs) still have significant potential for efficiency improvements and emissions reductions, potentially exceeding diesel-like efficiencies in the medium term with technologies like gasoline compression ignition (GCI). Combined with other strategies like hybridisation and lightweighting, fuel consumption in light-duty vehicles could be reduced by 50% compared to the current average, while exhaust pollutants can be controlled to levels well below current legislation.